Africa
Generation Z vs. the Establishment: Madagascar’s Youth Rewrite the Rules
Antananarivo, Madagascar — Colonel Michael Randrianirina has taken office as Madagascar’s new president, following the Gen Z-led uprising that precipitated a military takeover in the country. The young generation’s protests, fuelled by frustration over poor public services, led to cabinet resignations and ultimately reshaped the political landscape.
The unrest began in late September 2025, primarily in the capital, Antananarivo, but quickly spread to other major cities.
Recurrent electricity outages and water-supply disruptions exposed longstanding infrastructure failures and deepened public dissatisfaction, particularly among the youth, who make up the majority of Madagascar’s population under 25.
Dubbed Gen Z Madagascar, the movement is largely composed of students, recent graduates, and young professionals. Social media platforms like Facebook and Instagram played a central role in organizing protests, sharing updates, and amplifying demands for accountability. Protesters also adopted cultural symbols such as the One Piece pirate skull-and-crossbones, signalling solidarity and defiance.
Despite government bans, large-scale demonstrations kicked off on September 25, 2025, leading to clashes with security forces. The UN estimates around 22 people were killed during the protests. Mounting pressure prompted the government to dissolve the cabinet under Prime Minister Christian Ntsay, but demonstrators escalated their demands, calling for President Andry Rajoelina to resign.
The turning point came when the elite military unit CAPSAT defected and sided with the protesters, enabling the coup in October 2025. With Randrianirina now sworn in, the nation enters a period of uncertain transition, with Gen Z activists closely monitoring whether the military takeover will result in substantive reforms or simply a change in leadership.
While the immediate crisis has subsided, protesters continue to demand reliable utilities, transparent governance, and protection of human rights. Amnesty International has called for investigations into the use of deadly force and the repeal of laws that criminalize protest.
Madagascar’s Gen Z has demonstrated that youth activism, digital mobilization, and coordinated civil action can reshape political realities—even in the face of entrenched power. The key question now is whether this momentum will lead to lasting change.
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Africa
If Ebola Is Too Dangerous for America, It Is Too Dangerous for Kenya
A growing number of Kenyans are questioning why their country should bear the risks of hosting a quarantine facility for U.S. citizens exposed to Ebola when Kenya itself has no confirmed cases of the deadly virus.
The proposed facility at Laikipia Air Base in Nanyuki has become the centre of a national debate about public health, sovereignty, and whether Kenya’s leaders are placing the interests of foreign governments ahead of the safety of their own citizens.
For residents living near the proposed site, the issue is straightforward. They believe that individuals exposed to Ebola should be quarantined and treated in their own countries.
“Everybody should be quarantined in their home country. We shouldn’t allow foreigners to bring us diseases,” said Charles Mathenge, a taxi driver who lives near the air base, interviewed by The Guardian Newspaper.
“Kenya is our country, and we should be careful with it.”
His concerns reflect a wider sentiment spreading across the country. Many Kenyans argue that while international cooperation is important, it should never come at the expense of national safety. Kenya remains free of any known Ebola cases, yet the proposal would involve admitting individuals who may have been exposed to one of the world’s most dangerous infectious diseases.
The concerns are heightened by the nature of the current outbreak. Health authorities in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo are battling a resurgence of Ebola caused by the rare Bundibugyo strain, for which there is currently no approved vaccine or treatment. The World Health Organization has declared the outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. The virus is believed to have circulated undetected for weeks before the outbreak was officially declared.
As cases and deaths continue to rise in neighbour countries, many Kenyans are asking why their nation should voluntarily introduce an additional risk into a country that has so far remained unaffected.
At the heart of the controversy is what many view as a glaring double standard. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio recently stated that the United States “cannot and will not allow any cases of Ebola to enter the United States.” Yet Washington is reportedly seeking to establish a quarantine facility in Kenya for American citizens potentially exposed to the virus.
For critics, this raises an uncomfortable question: if the United States considers the risk too great for its own population, why should Kenya be expected to accept it?
The contradiction becomes even more striking when considering that during previous Ebola outbreaks, American citizens were often repatriated to the United States for treatment. More recently, an American doctor who contracted Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was transferred to Germany for care alongside his family.
This has fuelled accusations that Kenya is being treated as a convenient buffer zone rather than an equal partner.
The backlash has extended beyond local residents. Medical professionals have been among the most vocal opponents of the plan. Interviewed by The Guardian Newspaper, Dr. Davji Atellah of the Kenya Medical Practitioners, Pharmacists and Dentists Union warned that Kenya should not be turned into what he described as a “containment colony.”
His statement captured a broader concern that developing countries are too often expected to absorb risks that wealthier nations are unwilling to shoulder themselves.
“If it is too dangerous for America, it is too dangerous for Kenya,” he argued.
The controversy has also exposed deeper questions about governance and national sovereignty. Following a petition by the Katiba Institute, the High Court in Nairobi temporarily blocked the establishment of the facility and the admission of Ebola-exposed individuals into Kenya. The petitioners argued that any agreement between the Kenyan and U.S. governments must be subjected to public scrutiny and constitutional safeguards, particularly when public health and national security are involved.
The court’s intervention reflects growing concerns that decisions with potentially far-reaching consequences for millions of Kenyans cannot be made behind closed doors.
Beyond the immediate health concerns lies a larger principle. Every government has a primary responsibility to protect its citizens. International partnerships should strengthen national security, not weaken it. For many Kenyans, the Ebola quarantine proposal is not simply about a medical facility—it is about whether Kenya’s sovereignty, public safety, and national interests are being adequately defended.
The message from residents of Nanyuki and many others across the country is clear: Kenya cannot afford to gamble with the health of its people. As one resident put it, “We don’t have another country to run to.”
In a world where powerful nations increasingly prioritize their own security and public health, many Kenyans believe their government must do the same. Protecting citizens from preventable risks is not isolationism; it is a fundamental duty of the state. The debate over the proposed Ebola facility has therefore become a test of whether Kenya will place the wellbeing of its people first, or allow external interests to dictate decisions that could have lasting consequences for the nation.
Africa
AfCFTA Aims to Unite Africa’s Fragmented Markets Into a Single Trading Bloc
The African Continental Free Trade Area, known as the AfCFTA, brings together all 55 member states of the African Union into a single trading bloc, an effort to knit together one of the world’s most fragmented markets. By lowering barriers across eight regional economic communities, the agreement is intended to allow goods and services to move more freely across borders, strengthening Africa’s position in global trade.
Economists say the pact could significantly reshape commerce within the continent. Estimates suggest that eliminating import duties alone could increase intra-African trade by more than 50 percent, with even larger gains possible if governments also address non-tariff barriers such as customs delays and regulatory hurdles.
For many businesses, the current system remains paradoxical: exporting within Africa is often more expensive than trading with partners outside the continent, with average tariffs hovering around 6.1 percent. The agreement aims to reverse that dynamic by gradually reducing these costs, opening access to a larger and more integrated market.
Over the longer term, proponents argue, the AfCFTA could help drive structural transformation. Some projections suggest that, if fully implemented, it could expand Africa’s combined economic output to as much as $29 trillion by mid-century, though much will depend on how effectively member states follow through on reforms.
Africa
Republic of Congo’s Denis Sassou Nguesso, 83, Secures Fifth Term in Power
The Republic of Congo’s president, Denis Sassou Nguesso, was sworn in this week after securing a fifth consecutive term, extending a rule that now spans nearly 42 years. Provisional results announced on Tuesday by the officials put his share of the vote at 94.82% on Sunday’s poll — a margin that, while striking, had been widely anticipated.
The official turnout figure, 84.65%, raised immediate questions. State television reported high participation, yet scenes from polling stations in the capital, Brazzaville, suggested a more subdued reality, with many centres registering thin crowds or none at all. The discrepancy has reinforced longstanding doubts about the transparency of the electoral process.
![President Denis Sassou Nguesso casts his vote at a polling station in Brazzaville during the Republic of Congo’s presidential election, 15 March 2026. [Congo Presidency/Handout via Reuters]](https://aukmedia.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/DS-300x169.png)
President Denis Sassou Nguesso casts his vote at a polling station in Brazzaville during the Republic of Congo’s presidential election, 15 March 2026. [Congo Presidency/Handout via Reuters]
The election unfolded against the backdrop of an opposition boycott. Two key parties withdrew, alleging unfair conditions, while prominent figures such as General Jean-Marie Michel Mokoko and André Okombi Salissa — both imprisoned for nearly a decade — were absent from the contest. Their exclusion further narrowed an already limited field.
Restrictions in the run-up to the vote added to concerns. Internet access was cut, as has become routine during presidential elections, and movement across Brazzaville was constrained. Human rights groups reported arrests of activists, the suspension of opposition parties and tight monitoring of public gatherings, contributing to what critics describe as a climate of repression.
These dynamics reflect deeper structural patterns. Since returning to power after the 1997 civil war, Sassou Nguesso has consolidated control over state institutions. A 2015 constitutional referendum removed age and term limits, enabling him to extend his tenure and further entrench incumbency.
Yet the political continuity contrasts sharply with the country’s economic fragility. Despite significant oil and mineral wealth, the Republic of Congo remains heavily indebted. According to the World Bank, public debt stands at around 94.5% of gross domestic product, underscoring the persistent gap between resource revenues and broader development outcomes.
The scale of Sassou Nguesso’s victory, combined with the conditions under which it was secured, is likely to deepen scrutiny of both the electoral framework and the prospects for political pluralism. As the new term begins, questions around governance, economic management and eventual succession remain unresolved, even as the contours of power appear largely unchanged.
If Ebola Is Too Dangerous for America, It Is Too Dangerous for Kenya
AfCFTA Aims to Unite Africa’s Fragmented Markets Into a Single Trading Bloc
Republic of Congo’s Denis Sassou Nguesso, 83, Secures Fifth Term in Power
ECOWAS at 50: President Obasanjo Warns of Declining Trust and Growing Divisions at Oxford Forum
Why Are More Black Britons Applying to Oxford University?
